Health literacy (H.L), as a term first introduced in the 1970s, generally concerns whether an individual is competent with the complex demands of promoting and maintaining health in the modern society. among the students of Islamic Azad University of Qom indicated that only 7.3% had desirable and good menstrual health behaviors. The results of a study conducted by Saadatmand et al. Menstrual health as another important issue for women's health is an integral part of overall health, nevertheless, millions of women around the world, menstruation regularly and increasingly disrupts their physical, mental, and social well-being. The incidence rate of breast cancer in Iranian women is 5.27 per 100,000 women. Breast cancer is also the most common cancer among women it accounts for 30% of all cancers in women, and it is the main cause of 15% of cancer-related deaths in women. Īnemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, as many as 12.2% of adolescent girls, 3.8% of young adult women in the world, and 17% of Iranian women suffer from iron deficiency anemia.
Fertility and childbirth, as well as menstruation expose women to specific health risks including menstrual cramps, iron deficiency anemia, genital infections, sexually-transmitted diseases, preterm labor, cervical cancer, breast cancer and female mortality at young ages. Given the biological, cultural, social, economic, and political factors, women are more vulnerable than men, and they are more exposed to health risks than men due to physical, sexual, and mental differences. It is recommended that researchers design, implement and evaluate interventions based on behavioral change theories, especially the self-efficacy theory, in order to promote women's health. Health literacy, self-efficacy, cues to action and perceived susceptibility constructs predicted 52.1% of preventive behaviors. According to the Multiple regression analysis, self-efficacy (β = 0.414, p = 0.001) and cues to action (β = 0.299, p = 0.001) were found to be the first and second robust predictors of behavior, respectively. The preventive behaviors were adopted by 75.57% of the population and the total health literacy score was found to be 52.71 out of 100. Data were collected electronically and SPSS version 20 and independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analysis at a significance level less than 0.05. Data collection tool was a questionnaire which covered eight demographic information, 41 health literacy questions and 50 researcher-developed questions of health belief based on HBM constructs. The descriptive study was conducted in 2020 on 431 female students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) who had been selected through stratified sampling. The present study was done to explore the role of health beliefs and health literacy in women's health promoting behaviors based on the health belief model (HBM). I’d love to hear how well it works.Health literacy and health beliefs are factors that can effectively contribute to adoption of preventive behaviors among women. If you’ve had any experience using PSPP, please tell me about it in a comment. And perhaps if it takes off, as R has, we’ll see more advanced features soon. So if you are only using SPSS for basic statistics, or for teaching an intro class, this may be just what you need. That means you can do one-way ANOVA and regression, but not GLM, logisitic regression, factor analysis. No Advanced Models, no Missing Values Analysis, no Complex Surveys. PSPP seems to correspond only to SPSS base. The only downside I can see, though, is with the statement “no additional packages to purchase in order to get ‘advanced’ functions.” That appears to be because there aren’t any advanced functions. You can use PSPP with its graphical interface or the more traditional syntax commands. Its backend is designed to perform its analyses as fast as possible, regardless of the size of the input data. PSPP can perform descriptive statistics, T-tests, linear regression and non-parametric tests. There are no additional packages to purchase in order to get “advanced” functions all functionality that PSPP currently supports is in the core package. Neither are there any artificial limits on the number of cases or variables which you can use. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs” your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in the future.
#SPSS 16 STUDENT EDITION FREE#
It is a Free replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. This is the description from its website: I have not tried it yet, but it does look promising. I just heard recently about PSPP, which is a free, open source version of SPSS.